To increase the storage capacity in holographic data storage (HDS), the information to be stored is encoded into a complex amplitude. Fast and accurate retrieval of amplitude and phase from the reconstructed beam is necessary during data readout in HDS. In this study, we proposed a complex amplitude demodulation method based on deep learning from a single-shot diffraction intensity image and verified it by a non-interferometric lensless experiment demodulating four-level amplitude and four-level phase. By analyzing the correlation between the diffraction intensity features and the amplitude and phase encoding data pages, the inverse problem was decomposed into two backward operators denoted by two convolutional neural networks (CNNs) to demodulate amplitude and phase respectively. The experimental system is simple, stable, and robust, and it only needs a single diffraction image to realize the direct demodulation of both amplitude and phase. To our investigation, this is the first time in HDS that multilevel complex amplitude demodulation is achieved experimentally from one diffraction intensity image without iterations.

偏光全息拥有记录振幅、相位和偏振信息的能力，在数据存储、偏振光成像等领域具有重要的应用前景。除此之外，它也具备光场调控方面的能力，可以调控具有螺旋相位分布和空间偏振分布等特殊光场，这类特殊光场在光通信、粒子操纵及光子纠缠等领域有广泛的应用前景，目前也有很多研究聚焦于如何生成这类光束。本文介绍了利用偏光全息制备矢量光束、标量涡旋光束和矢量涡旋光束的最新研究进展。基于偏光全息进行光场调控的方法，具有制备过程操作简单、光学系统体积小、制作成本低的优势，为特殊光场制造提供新的思路。

偏光全息中的零再现是指在读取光满足布拉格条件下，再现光的功率却为零的现象。在通常的强度全息中，则没有零再现现象。本文根据张量偏光全息理论预测出实现零再现的条件，并推导了同偏振记录偏光全息的再现光场实现零再现的条件。在实验中，先用两束椭圆偏振光并且干涉角度为136°来记录偏光全息；然后按照理论计算结果，改变参考光的偏振态成为一束特定偏振态，用这一束特定的偏振光进行读取，实现了零再现，验证了理论预测的正确性。

Polarization holography is a newly researched field, that has gained traction with the development of tensor theory. It primarily focuses on the interaction between polarization waves and photosensitive materials. The extraordinary capabilities in modulating the amplitude, phase, and polarization of light have resulted in several new applications, such as holographic storage technology, multichannel polarization multiplexing, vector beams, and optical functional devices. In this paper, fundamental research on polarization holography with linear polarized wave, a component of the theory of polarization holography, has been reviewed. Primarily, the effect of various polarization changes on the linear and nonlinear polarization characteristics of reconstructed wave under continuous exposure and during holographic recording and reconstruction have been focused upon. The polarization modulation realized using these polarization characteristics exhibits unusual functionalities, rendering polarization holography as an attractive research topic in many fields of applications. This paper aims to provide readers with new insights and broaden the application of polarization holography in more scientific and technological research fields.Polarization holography is a newly researched field, that has gained traction with the development of tensor theory. It primarily focuses on the interaction between polarization waves and photosensitive materials. The extraordinary capabilities in modulating the amplitude, phase, and polarization of light have resulted in several new applications, such as holographic storage technology, multichannel polarization multiplexing, vector beams, and optical functional devices. In this paper, fundamental research on polarization holography with linear polarized wave, a component of the theory of polarization holography, has been reviewed. Primarily, the effect of various polarization changes on the linear and nonlinear polarization characteristics of reconstructed wave under continuous exposure and during holographic recording and reconstruction have been focused upon. The polarization modulation realized using these polarization characteristics exhibits unusual functionalities, rendering polarization holography as an attractive research topic in many fields of applications. This paper aims to provide readers with new insights and broaden the application of polarization holography in more scientific and technological research fields.